David, B., and Turner, J. C. (2001). A rare empirical study of the dynamic nature of social influence focused on reciprocity of influence. Echterhoff, G., and Higgins, T. E. (2017). Rev. eds. That may be enough to artificially postpone Americas majority minority milestone again and reassure the millions of white Americans who feel threatened by the increasing status and power of todays ethnic minorities. Influence of a consistent minority on the responses of a majority in a color perception task. Social influence, social identity, and ingroup leniency, in Group Consensus and Minority Influence: Implications for Innovation. Revels in Groups: Dissent, Deviance, Difference, and Defiance. The effects of differential ascribed category membership and norms of minority influence. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. If there are reasons for optimism, they include signs of an increasing theoretical and methodological diversity in our discipline. 16, 4373. How the life changes caused by experiencing major events can affect stress levels. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1996.tb01088.x, Tanford, S., and Penrod, S. (1984). 74, 14371450. They may even besuspicious of a new manager who suggests that they update their manufacturing methods. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.1.5, Baumeister, R. F., and Leary, M. R. (1995). Soc. 1. The researchers found that when the confederate seated themselves, without guidance, at the head seat, other participants were more likely to agree with their suggestion of an amount of compensation than if they followed the experimenter's directions. And in subsequent decades, the United States admitted millions of Italians, Jews and other ethnicities, with their foreign languages, religions and complexions. A. Kruglanski and W. Stroebe (New York: Psychology Press), 321339. Butera, F., and Levine, J. M. 1. eds. Social influence: The role of consensus in attitudes and attitude change, in The Handbook of Attitudes and Attitude change. Whilst minority influenceinvolves a challenge to popular opinion and group norms, it can serve the interests of the wider population in the long term. Number of studies on minority influence per decade. R. M. Sorentino and E. T. Higgins (New York: Guilford Press), 2884. Papastamou, S., and Mugny, G. (1985). Contends that in most studies comparing majority and minority influence, there is an emphasis on influence in the sense of prevailing. Within this context, evidence exists that majorities exert more public influence and that minority influence, when it occurs, tends to operate primarily at the latent level. Self-definition, defensive processing, and influence: The normative impact of majority and minority groups. Crano, W. D. (2010). In a test of the above-mentioned hypothesis 2, variations in minority and majority sources persuasibility were examined as a function of their targets responsiveness to their influence appeals (Prislin et al., 2011). Being in a minority is a social condition, often characterized by adverse outcomes, tangible and intangible alike (for review, see Prislin and Christensen, 2005a). 5 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, Minorities Effect Social Change Over Time, Winning a Competition in Influence Exerted for Various Reasons, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.911654, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States. Is there a purpose behind our dreams and nightmares? A., Busceme, S., and Blackstone, T. (1994). Although they are distinct compliance strategies, the "that's not all" and "door in the face" techniques share a common mechanism. Minorities influence majority opinion primarily through. Studies in self-categorization and minority conversion: Is being a member of the out-group an advantage? doi: 10.1177/0146167204271564. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Bolderdijk, J. W., and Jans, L. (2021). They have been conducted within the framework of the gain-loss asymmetry model of change in minority and majority positions (Prislin and Christensen, 2005a).
Minority influence: From groups to attitudes and back again, in Minority Influence and Innovation: Antecedents, Processes and Consequences. Soc. (1983). eds. The social impact of majorities and minorities. As for the measures of the minority impact, the two frameworks paint a somewhat different picture: The Information processing (persuasion) framework suggests that the impact is most evident on private responses to indirect measures of attitudes toward issues tangentially related to the object of a minority advocacy (Wood et al., 1994; but see Glaser et al., 2015). (1979). doi: 10.1177/1948550610377238, Prislin, R., Brewer, M., and Wilson, D. J. S. Papastamou, A. Gardikiotis, and G. Prodromitis (London: Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group), 173197. Rigidity and minority influence: The influence of the social in social influences, in Perspectives on Minority Influence. In what appeared a vicious circle of influence failures, these sources became decreasingly convincing in their advocacy with increasingly negative feedback they received. Early research into the ability of minority influence to affect a groups attitudes and behavior was conducted by social psychologist, Serge Moscovici. Home
Psychol. Despite his susceptibility to Although they effectively changed their numerical position, the new majority phenomenologically reacted as if they still had been in a minority, reluctant to make a salto mortale into the unknown of the new position (Moscovici, October 31 2008, personal correspondence). Group decision making under conditions of distributed knowledge: The information asymmetries model. The An additional unique 33 empirical studies have been published since then and the end of December 2020, as identified searching the PsycInfo database, manually searching outlets in which earlier studies on minority influence appeared, and cross-reference checking.2 As evident in Figure 1, after a somewhat slow startor, one could say, a delayed impact of Moscovicis ideasthis research saw a steady increase in representation in scientific outlets, reaching its zenith in the 1990s, but gradually declining in the subsequent two decades.3. Influence and its aftermath: Motives for agreement among minorities and majorities, in Coping with Minority Status: Responses to Exclusion and Inclusion. Opin. Whereas numerous other factors may be proposed, they likely covary with the included factors of time, competitive influence dynamics, and motivation. The effects of majority size on minority influence. This idea invigorated research Here are some tips. Whereas these two motives for exerting social influence fit the classical dual-motive scheme for responding to social influence (Deutsch and Gerard, 1955), the third, social control motive has been largely neglected in the social influence literature. This private conversion may cautiously be communicated to others, thus, gradually becoming public. In contrast, losing social support by virtue of social change (majority minority) should adversely affect a failed majoritys capacity to further advocate their position. C. K. de Dreu and N. K. de Vries (Oxford, UK: Blackwell), 4059.
21.4: Majority Influence- Conforming To The Group eds. The minority influence of the manager challenges those majority-held views, and results in the questioning of dated practices. This helps puncture a hole in the illusion of unanimity and loosens the pressure to conform.
Differential contributions of majority and minority influence. One should never waste a good crisis. Two lines of research: One on group decision-making, and another on the impact that newcomers to groups make, provide alternative approaches to the study of minority influence.4 Within these lines of research, minority influence is addressed in the context of interacting groups, with minority and majority positions publicly advocated and hence, memberships in minority and majority factions actively experienced. And there is precious little evidence of real solidarity among Americas diverse minority ethnic groups. ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF: Conformity OBJ: 9.2D MSC: Remembering doi: 10.1016/0022-1031(86)90022-3. Int. Justin Gest (@_JustinGest) is an associate professor of policy and government at George Mason Universitys Schar School of Policy and Government. have strong norms about how people should behave. R. Martin and M. Hewstone (New York: Psychology Press), 229262. How have norm-based approaches been used to curb binge drinking on college campuses? About
J. Soc. 35, 179199. ^Whereas every social change originates from minorities, it does not mean that every minority invariably seeks social change. They do so for a variety of reasons, which fuel their influence efforts and shape their influence strategies. Social influence can take numerous forms. A social norm that reflects how things are typically done is considered ________, whereas a social norm that reflects what behaviors are approved is considered ________. More recently, social change has been examined as a function of two factors: Indirect minority influence, defined as attitudinal change on culturally relevant issues different from but related to the focal issue of minority advocacy, and cultural drift, defined as mistakes in copying culturally relevant attributes due to small errors in the learning and memory processes. For example, at what point in time do minorities voice their non-normative opinions? WebThe study of minority influence has advanced considerably since the late 1960s when Moscovici's pioneering efforts brought the minority's role in the process of persuasion Conversion and tolerance are fundamentally distinct paths to social change with different consequences for group dynamics (Prislin et al., 2018). 13, 4355. Nemeth, C. J. Glaser, T., Dickel, N., Liersch, B., Rees, J., Sssenbach, P., and Bohner, G. (2015).